Andrew Ryan (BioShock)

Andrew Ryan is the character and main antagonist in the 2007 video game BioShock. Ryan is a business magnate in the 1940s and 1950s, seeking to avoid scrutiny from governments and other oversight, ordered the secret construction of an underwater city, Rapture. When Ryan's vision for a utopia in Rapture collapsed into dystopia, he hides himself away and uses armies of mutated humans, "Splicers", to defend himself and fight against those resisting him, including the player-character Jack within the first game. He is referenced in the sequel, BioShock 2.

Ryan was created by Irrational Games' Ken Levine, based on figures like Ayn Rand and Howard Hughes.[1] The character has received significant praise from critics. He is voiced by Armin Shimerman, whose voice acting was cited as one of the contributing factors to the success of BioShock as it won "Best Use of Sound" from IGN. Ryan has been compared to several different real-life and fictional figures, his world of Rapture compared to the world of the Ayn Rand novel Atlas Shrugged.

Concept and creation[edit]

BioShock director Ken Levine described Andrew Ryan as a character of ideals, in contrast to another character, Frank Fontaine, who has no ideals. Designing the boss battle between the player and Ryan was a controversial decision for the developers, due to the question of what the player's motive is at this point. Ryan taking his own life to prevent Jack, the protagonist, from accomplishing this, was described as the "ultimate insult" by Levine. The scene took a long time for the developers to finish. Levine stated that they figured out who the character of Andrew Ryan is too early, adding that they underestimated the impact that this would make.[2] While he is saner than the opponents the players encounter before him, including a plastic surgeon who takes his ideal of beauty too far, he is as unmovable as they are, unwilling to change his ideals. When discussing how many people would get the good ending to BioShock, he commented that Ryan would not, choosing to take the easier path.[3]

In creating the world of Rapture, Levine imagined a utopia that its creators did not want the outside world to discover. Following this, he created the character of Ryan as its creator, giving him a "pseudo-objectivism and extremely capitalistic view on the world" as well as a fear of the New Dealers in the United States and communists in Russia would find it. Levine states that to him, Ryan's philosophies come from Art Deco, describing the style as, "Yes, we are men, and we control the universe!"[4] He considered Ryan a combination of historical figures such as Howard Hughes and Ayn Rand, though comparing him to John Galt, a character in Rand's Atlas Shrugged, in that he is more similar to a real person, making mistakes and having fear and doubts.[5] Levine purposely named Ryan as he did, using a semi-anagram of Ayn Rand's name to establish the connection.[6] During a questions and answers segment, a questioner stated that he did not want to kill Ryan, asking Levine, "Are still (sic) doomed to make games where we have to use plot devices to clean that up?" to which Levine responded that video games were admittedly linear, saying that it was hard enough to come up with one good plot, let alone multiple ones.[2] Levine stated that he did not expect the "ugly comedown from the stratospheric highs" from the Andrew Ryan scene near the end.[7]

Characteristics[edit]

Andrew Ryan has libertarian ideals, to a degree that they are the most important thing to him, more so than his own life.[3] He has an irrational hatred of what he refers to as "parasites," consisting mainly of people who support left-wing and right-wing politics; namely socialism, communism, and theocracy, respectively.[8][9] Ryan also has a vast hatred for the religious, but more notably the altruistic, as he believes altruism to be the root of all evil.[10]

Ryan is a strong supporter of meritocracy. He believes that all individuals have the right to keep what they earn and the place to live without government interference,[11] with "parasites" being the only ones who would attempt to deny mankind that of free will. [12] Ryan accentuates this belief to the extreme, denouncing all laws. [13] One of Ryan's main ethics is that of free market, asserting that all industry should be kept completely unfettered by government intervention.[14][15] But Ryan is also a vociferous dictator, ruling without government interference. He keeps the city on tight curfews and martial law when the civil war starts and the people start killing each other.[16]

Ryan coined his own economic philosophy which he named the Great Chain of Industry, or simply the Great Chain. In the real-world, this supposedly describes how economy and industry "unite the people" in the form that citizens of the state pay taxes to the government to pay for the upkeep of society (such as healthcare or general maintenance). However, in the context of Rapture, it describes how the Great Chain acts as the economy that surrounds the city, serving as the foundation for its free industry in an economic manner. In this sense, the citizens are united by this chain, as industry provides the availability of basic goods; such as food, as well as jobs for the lower classes. Therefore, without the Great Chain, there would be total unemployment and the production of basic commodities would cease, effectively reducing the city to a third-world country.[17][18]

A strong atheist,[19] Ryan disregards all forms of organised religion.[20] Religious intervention on Ryan's own private property before his founding of Rapture, claiming the "land belonged to God" played a major part in his decision to build Rapture.[21]

Role in BioShock[edit]

The player only encounters Ryan once in person throughout the entire BioShock franchise, with most of his appearance being made via radio transmission and audio diaries. Ryan is always seen with his hair slicked back and sporting a smart suit and necktie. In an image the player encounters of Ryan during the Welcome to Rapture and Rapture Control Centre levels, he can be seen wearing a black fedora.[22]

Ryan's first appearance in the franchise is in BioShock, the first installment of the series. He serves as one of the primary antagonists throughout the game. He created BioShock's world, Rapture, as a means to escape from such ideals as religion, communism, and altruism. Rapture eventually falls apart when young scientist Brigid Tenenbaum discovers a substance she later names "ADAM". While the initial properties of her new discovery were confusing, she later diagnosed that when "ADAM" was injected via a hypodermic syringe into the arm, it allows the user to "bend the double-helix" and provides what could be described as "superpowers." However, the long-term effects of ADAM soon become obvious, as the substance is highly addictive and both mental and physical deterioration begin to occur.[22]

When Jack (the protagonist in BioShock) arrives in Rapture, Ryan views him as a threat, initially believing him to be a government agent, most likely sent by the Russian KGB or the American CIA. Ryan attempts to do whatever possible to kill Jack, who is aided by Ryan's arch nemesis, Atlas. Towards the end of the game it is revealed to the player that Jack is actually Andrew Ryan's illegitimate son. This is hinted at throughout the game though the player is only given all the facts shortly after Andrew Ryan is assassinated. Ryan apparently had sexual intercourse with a young female stripper named Jasmine Jolene resulting in her pregnancy, though Ryan was not aware of this. Throughout Rapture's history Ryan had frequent encounters with a smuggler named Frank Fontaine, who later became a leading figure in Rapture's genetic arms race towards the end of the 1950s. Fontaine decided to take advantage of this opportunity, and paid a high-ranking employee of his, Brigid Tenenbaum, to purchase the embryo from Jolene, which Jolene agreed to simply because she "needed the money." After Andrew Ryan became aware of this, he brutally murdered her, leaving her corpse on a bed in the Eve's Garden strip club. Fontaine later named the child, "Jack", and ordered a scientist under his employment, Dr. Yi Suchong to accelerate Jack's growth, and make him vulnerable to several mental techniques; one such technique was to force Jack to perform any requested action after hearing the phrase "Would you kindly...".[22]

When Andrew Ryan and Jack inevitably meet, Ryan states that Jack was his "greatest disappointment." Ryan gives a short monologue just before his death, explaining his past to Jack, and saying how little he differs from a simple slave. According to Ryan, "In the end, what separates a man from a slave? Money? Power? No... A man chooses, a slave obeys." Ryan hands Jack his golf putter, and then asks Jack, using the "would you kindly" phrase, to kill him, which Jack is forced to do.[22]

Ryan also appears through audio diaries in BioShock's sequel, BioShock 2, which give the player an expanded insight into Ryan's history and ideals.[23]

Reception[edit]

Armin Shimerman provided the voice for Andrew Ryan. He has received praise for his portrayal, contributing to BioShock winning Best Use of Sound from IGN. He is ranked ninth in Electronic Gaming Monthly's list of the top ten video game politicians.[24] IGN editor Charles Onyett described him as "anything but a prototypical villain", describing him as having a bottomless ambition for creating a city at the bottom of the sea. He added that while his words resemble "totalitarian propaganda", players cannot help but sympathize with him.[25] During a discussion about the potential plot of the game's sequel BioShock 2, editor Hilary Goldstein said that Ryan should reappear in it, and that while it should be in a new area, it should still have connections to him. Onyett called Ryan a key element, and if not included in the sequel, there would be a dramatic loss of personality. He claimed that much of Rapture's personality comes from Ryan, and it would have much less of an impact without him. Editor Ryan Geddes agreed, adding that he felt there was more to Ryan than Rapture. Editor Nate Ahem suggested that the game's sequel, BioShock 2, could potentially put the players in the role of Ryan, to explore the story of trying to create a perfect world and having it crumble beneath their feet.[26]

Gamasutra editor Leigh Alexander ranked him the third most affecting character of 2007, behind GLaDOS from Portal and player-created characters such as in massive multiplayer online role-playing games. Leigh calls him a "cautionary example of the danger of pure philosophy", adding that while he begins as the primary antagonist, players sympathize with him once it becomes clear that he is so "bitterly wrong".[27] Adam Volk of Gamasutra described him as a fascinating take on the mad scientist character, adding that if more developers steer away from stereotypes of the character type, these characters could easily rival those in film, television, or novels.[28] In the book "Halos and Avatars: Playing Video Games with God", author Craig Detweiler calls him an "obvious reference to the objectivist writer and philosopher Ayn Rand".[29]

Onyett praised Shimerman for his portrayal of Ryan, calling him a "joy to listen to" and adding that he would "give Stephen Colbert a run for his money."[25] 411 Mania editor Adam Larck agreed, praising the introduction Ryan gives to the player as they enter Rapture.[30] Game Chronicles editor Mark Smith praised the voice acting of the game, praising Shimerman's commitment to the story and theme.[31] Total PlayStation editor gave similar praise to Shimerman, commenting that he and Atlas' voice actor rounded out the cast.[32] Worthplaying editor Brian Dumlao commented that Ryan's voice "conveys ... the struggle of a man whose ideals are being threatened by a rival businessman", and praising the delivery of the actors to why the story is so good.[33] In their Game of the Year awards, IGN praised the voice acting, citing Ryan's speech he delivers to players as what convinced them. They awarded BioShock "Best use of sound".[34]

He has been compared to several other characters in fiction and real life. Ryan's world of Rapture has been compared to that of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged. Blog Critics editor described Ryan as arrogant, greedy, and naive, adding that these traits led Rapture to destruction.[35] Lou Kesten of the San Francisco Chronicle also made this comparison, comparing the name "Andrew Ryan" to the author, "Ayn Rand", in its similarity.[36] Onyett agreed, describing him as a "Randian hero".[25] He has also been compared to the eponymous character of Citizen Kane.[37] Official Xbox Magazine editor Dan Griliopoulos likened his appearance to that of Gomez Addams, the father from The Addams Family.[38] IGN editors Phil Pirrello and Christopher Monfette described him as being more communist than Vladimir Lenin, the first head of state of the Soviet Union, also comparing him to Italian philosopher and writer Niccolò Machiavelli.[39] While discussing potential actors who could portray Ryan in the upcoming BioShock film, IGN editors chose Anthony Hopkins as the perfect choice for the role.[40]

IGN later put Andrew Ryan at number 10 in their list of the Top 100 Videogame Villains, saying, "The force of his personality and clarity of his vision is admirable throughout the game. Rapture wouldn't be nearly as interesting without Ryan and his complementing the action and exploration, shouting propaganda and taking every opportunity to broadcast his world view."[41] The PlayStation Official Magazine placed him as the eight best videogame villains on PS3.[42]

See also[edit]

Portal icon	Fictional characters portal Portal icon	Speculative fiction portal List of BioShock characters

References[edit]

Jump up ^ "Exclusive: Ken Levine on the making of Bioshock". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 20 March 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b "GDC: Ken Levine Speaks: Empowering Players to Care About Your Stupid Story". Gamasutra. 2008-02-20. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-13. ^ Jump up to: a b Remo, Chris (30-08-07). "Ken Levine on BioShock: The Spoiler Interview". Shacknews. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "Rationalizing Rapture with BioShock's Ken Levine". Gamespy. 25-06-07. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Gillen, Kieron (20-08-07). "Exclusive: Ken Levine on the making of Bioshock". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Harmen, Stace (2012-12-13). "BioShock Infinite’s Ken Levine: of sounds and pixels". VG247. Retrieved 2012-12-17. Jump up ^ "Opinion: When Should Games Say Goodbye?". Gamasutra. 2008-07-21. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-13. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: In 1919 I fled a country that had traded in despotism for insanity. The Marxist Revolution simply traded one lie for another. Instead of one man, the Czar, owning the work of all the people, ALL the people owned the work of all of the people. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: On the surface, the Parasite expects the doctor to heal them for free, the farmer to feed them out of charity. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: What is the greatest lie ever created? What is the most vicious obscenity ever perpetrated on mankind? Slavery... the Holocaust... Socialism... NO! It's the tool with which all that wickedness is built. Altruism. Whenever anyone wants others to do their work, they call upon their altruism. "Never mind your own needs," they say, "think of the needs of ..." of ... whoever. Of the state. Of the poor. Of the army. Of the king. Of God. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: Doctor Suchong, frankly, I'm shocked by your proposal. If we were to modify the structure of our commercial Plasmid line as you propose, to have them make the user vulnerable to mental suggestion through pheromones, would we not be able to effectively control the actions of the citizens of Rapture? Free will is the cornerstone of this city. The thought of sacrificing it is abhorrent. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: If Atlas and his bandits have their way, will they not turn us into slaves? And what will become of free will then? Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: I founded Rapture to be free of law and god... to live among those for whom work is our wage! Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: There has been tremendous pressure to regulate this Plasmid business. There have been side effects: blindness, insanity, death. But what use is our ideology if it is not tested? The market does not respond like an infant, shrieking at the first sign of displeasure. The market is patient, and we must be too. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Jim: Hey, Mary, everything okay? / Mary: Did you hear that Andrew Ryan took control of Fontaine Futuristics? I'm hopping mad! / Jim: Slow down there, little lady. / Mary: Sorry, Jim, but I'm real upset. We came to Rapture to get away from government muscling in on private businesspeople. / Jim: Sure thing, Mary. But Andrew Ryan didn't "take control" of anything. The government council just assumed stewardship of Fontaine Futuristics until all of Frank Fontaine's crimes and betrayals against the people of Rapture are sorted out! Pretty soon everything will be back to normal. / Mary: Really? Well, that's a weight off my shoulders! / Jim: Remember, Mary, doubting the Council only emboldens the bandits. - Propaganda playlet heard throughout the city, describes how Rapture was founded on free market ("We came to Rapture to get away from government muscling in on private businesspeople"). Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: Gregory, don't come whining to me about market forces. And don't expect me to punish citizens for showing a little initiative. If you don't like what Fontaine is doing, well, I suggest you find a way to offer a better product. - Andrew Ryan, offering marketing advice, which is highly capitalistic. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan [src]: There is something more powerful than each of us, a combination of our efforts, a Great Chain of industry that unites us. But it is only when we struggle in our own interest that the chain pulls society in the right direction. The chain is too powerful and too mysterious for any government to guide. Any man who tells you different either has his hand in your pocket, or a pistol to your neck. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: Mr. Porter, let me be the first to congratulate you on the founding of Rapture Central Computing. The Great Chain only grows stronger with each pair of hands laid upon it. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: I believe in no God, no invisible man in the sky. Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: I am Andrew Ryan, and I am here to ask you a question. Is a man not entitled to the sweat of his brow? [...] "No," says the man in the Vatican, "it belongs to God". Jump up ^ Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Andrew Ryan: On the surface, I once bought a forest. The Parasites claimed that the land belonged to God, and demanded that I establish a public park there. Why? So the rabble could stand slack-jawed under the canopy and pretend that it was paradise earned. When Congress moved to nationalize my forest, I burnt it to the ground. God did not plant the seeds of this Arcadia; I did. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Irrational Games. BioShock (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (August 21, 2007) Jump up ^ 2K Marin. BioShock 2 (in English). (2K Games). Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows. (February 9, 2010) Jump up ^ Scott Sharkey, “EGM’s Top Ten Videogame Politicians: Election time puts us in a voting mood,” Electronic Gaming Monthly 234 (November 2008): 97. ^ Jump up to: a b c Onyett, Charles (16-08-07). "BioShock Review". IGN. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Haynes, Jeff (22-10-08). "What We Want In BioShock 2". IGN. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "Gamasutra's Best of 2007: Top 5 Most Affecting Characters". Gamasutra. 2007-12-12. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-13. Jump up ^ "Applying Robert McKee’s “Story” to Video Games". Gamasutra. 2009-08-21. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-13. Jump up ^ Halos and Avatars: Playing Video Games with God - Google Boeken Jump up ^ Vote, Todd (17-09-09). "Best Video Game Voice Acting". 411mania. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Smith, Mark (29-11-08). "BioShock - Overview". Game Chronicles. Archived from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Waits, Nick (25-11-08). "BioShock finally comes to the PlayStation 3". Total PlayStation. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Dumlao, Brian (02-11-08). "PS3 Review - 'BioShock'". Worth Playing. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "IGN Best of 2007 - Best Use of Sound". IGN. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Rainey, Tim (08-10-09). "A Demand for Deeper Video Games". Blogcritics Gaming. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Kesten, Lou (22-08-07). "Vid-Games: `Madden' Mania; `Shock' Waves". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-10-10. [dead link] Jump up ^ Colin (21-08-07). "BioShock Review". Game Revolution. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Griliopoulos, Dan (24-08-07). "BioShock Review". Official Xbox Magazine. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ Pirrello, Phil; Christopher Monofette (12-05-08). "Big Screen Big Daddy". IGN. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "BioShock: The Movie!". IGN. 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "The Top 100 Videogame Villains - 10: Andrew Ryan". IGN. 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2009-10-10. Jump up ^ "10 of the best videogame villains on PS3". PlayStation Official Magazine. 2012-10-24. Retrieved 13-04-2013.