Council of Five

The Council of Five is a fictional legislature and court in the Judge Dredd comic strip appearing in 2000 AD. It first appeared in 2000 AD prog 86 (1978).

The Council is the highest lawmaking body of Mega-City One and has sovereign power. It is also the court which tries Mega-City judges who are accused of breaking the law. A unanimous verdict is required to convict.

When it first appeared in the strip in prog 86, it was said to simply be a court for senior judges: "a council of five". When it appeared again in prog 182, it was now said to be a governing body of high-ranking judges, including the chief judge.

Members of the Council are appointed or dismissed by the chief judge, currently Barbara Hershey. Until 2117 the chief judge chaired council meetings and had the right of veto, and if the offices of chief judge and deputy chief judge were both vacant, the Council chose the new chief judge from among their number. However in 2117 the constitution was changed, so that the chief judge is no longer a member of the Council but is now separate (it is not clear whether the chief judge's veto was preserved); however the chief judge will usually still attend meetings. The deputy chief judge (if one has been appointed) now chairs meetings, unless the chief judge is present. The appointment of a deputy chief judge must have the consent of the Council. The chief judge is now elected by 1,200 senior judges, instead of being chosen by the Council. (See also the Chief Judge article for additional details.)

The Council was created by Judge Goodman when he became chief judge in 2057, initially as a guiding committee. In 2112, Chief Judge McGruder suspended the Council and ruled alone. The Council was reinstated in 2116 by her successor, Judge Volt.

Judge Dredd himself always declined a seat on the Council for most of his career, although he sat temporarily in a vacant seat for the trial of Judge Edgar in 2122, to make up a quorum. However in 2132 he finally consented to a permanent appointment. He resigned after two years, and advised the other councillors to do so as well, in order to give incoming Chief Judge Hershey a fresh start. However Hershey kept them on her "interim council."



The Council in 2070
Origins episode 12 showed the Council just before the Atomic Wars broke out, in 2070. This is the oldest depicted Council of Five. Each member had a dress uniform with flat, silver shoulder pads.

The members shown were Arlow, Johanssen, Lowther, Morton Judd, and Solomon. The first three were created for that issue, and it is not specified which of them is which. The Chief Judge was not a member of the Council, but attended meetings.

Chronological

 * 2101–2103
 * Chief Judge Griffin
 * Deputy Chief Judge Pepper
 * Psi-Judge Ecks
 * SJS Judge McGruder
 * Accounts Judge Quimby


 * 2103–2104
 * Chief Judge Griffin
 * Psi-Judge Ecks
 * SJS Judge McGruder
 * Accounts Judge Quimby
 * Unknown


 * 2104–2108
 * Chief Judge McGruder
 * Judge Creed
 * Judge Herpert
 * Psi-Judge Omar
 * Tek-Judge Renbow


 * 2108 (for one day only)
 * Chief Judge McGruder
 * Judge Creed
 * Judge Herpert
 * Tek-Judge Renbow
 * Psi-Judge Shenker


 * 2108–2110
 * Chief Judge Silver
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * Tek-Judge Brufen
 * Judge Grimlet
 * Judge Hershey


 * 2110–2112
 * Chief Judge Silver
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * Judge Grimlet
 * Judge Hershey
 * Judge-Tutor Odell


 * 2112–2116 Council suspended
 * Chief Judge McGruder sole ruler
 * Judge Hershey acting chief judge, 2114 and 2115
 * Judge Greel acting chief judge, 2116


 * 2116 Interim Council
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * Judge Hershey
 * SJS Judge Niles


 * 2116–2117 Council of Five restored
 * Chief Judge Volt
 * Deputy Chief Judge Herriman
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * Judge Hershey
 * SJS Judge Niles


 * 2117–2120 Chief judge: Volt (2116–2121)
 * Deputy Chief Judge Herriman
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * Judge Hershey
 * SJS Judge Niles
 * Judge Ramos


 * 2120–2122
 * Deputy Chief Judge Hershey
 * Psi-Judge Shenker
 * SJS Judge Niles
 * Judge Ramos
 * Tek-Judge McTighe


 * 2122 (for one day only)
 * Chief Judge Hershey
 * PSU Judge Niles
 * Judge Ramos
 * Tek-Judge McTighe
 * Judge Dredd


 * 2122–2123 Chief judge: Hershey (2122–2131)
 * PSU Judge Niles
 * Judge Ramos
 * Tek-Judge McTighe
 * Vacant
 * Vacant


 * 2123–2130
 * PSU Judge Niles
 * Judge Ramos
 * Tek-Judge McTighe
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Hollister


 * 2130–2131
 * PSU Judge Niles
 * Tek-Judge McTighe
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Hollister
 * Vacant


 * 2131–2132 Chief judge: Francisco (2131–2132)
 * Deputy Chief Judge Sinfield
 * Tek-Judge Benitez
 * Judge Cardew
 * Judge Millan
 * Judge Stalker


 * 2132 Chief judge: Sinfield (2132)
 * Tek-Judge Benitez
 * Judge Cardew
 * Judge Millan
 * Judge Stalker
 * Vacant


 * 2132
 * Deputy Chief Judge Cardew
 * Judge Millan
 * Judge Benedetto
 * Judge Rolf
 * Judge Sherman


 * 2132–2134 Chief judge: Francisco (2132–2134)
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Dredd
 * PSU Judge Niles
 * Judge Stalker
 * Judge Vass


 * 2134
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Dredd
 * Judge Stalker
 * Vacant
 * Vacant


 * 2134 Interim Council (chief judge: Hershey)
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Dredd
 * Judge Stalker
 * Judge Bachmann
 * Judge Folger


 * 2134–present Interim Council
 * SJS Judge Buell
 * Judge Dredd
 * Judge Stalker
 * Vacant
 * Vacant

Statistics
The following relates only to those individuals listed above (i.e. post-2101):
 * Violent deaths: Of the 32 ex-councillors on the above lists, 14 were removed from the Council by violent death (44%). Three of those were killed by the Dark Judges (Grimlet, Herriman and Silver). Four were killed during the Apocalypse War. Their average term of office was just under 3½ years, compared with over six years among ex-councillors overall.
 * Corruption and incompetence: Of the councillors listed, three were corrupt – Sinfield, Ramos, and Bachmann – of which the first two were sent to the penal colony on Titan. Three of the councillors in 2108 were dismissed for suspect judgement by McGruder; and two, Shenker and Buell, were demoted on separate occasions by Hershey for severe failures in their departments.
 * Terms of office: The longest continuous term served on the Council (since 2101) was 15 years, by Judge Niles (who later served a second term of two years). The shortest term was one day, an ad hoc temporary appointment served by Dredd to fill the seat left vacant when Shenker stepped down. If that is not counted, then the next shortest terms are those of Benedetto, Rolf and Sherman, who only served for a few weeks each.
 * Chief judges: Four councillors became chief judge (McGruder, Silver, Hershey and Sinfield). Two others joined the Council ex officio because they had become chief judge (Griffin and Volt).
 * Backgrounds: Eight councillors were street judges at the time of their elevation to the Council (including Volt and Herriman). The Academy of Law provided four (Griffin, Silver and Pepper were tutors before they became chief and deputy chief judges). Thirteen were heads of their divisions: the SJS, Psi Division and Tek Division providing three judges each, Wally Squad providing two (counting the acting-head), and Accounts and Black Ops one each. (The backgrounds of eight members are not known.)

Other members

 * Judge Goodman, founder of the Council.
 * Judge Cal, chief judge between Goodman and Griffin.

Virgin novels
Although Chief Judge McGruder abolished the Council of Five at the beginning of her second term of office, some of the Judge Dredd novels published by Virgin Books (1993–1995) still featured the Council during this period. To reconcile this apparent discrepancy, one of the books stated that the Council existed in a purely advisory capacity, with no executive power, and only sat intermittently, as and when required. It consisted of McGruder, Shenker, Hershey, and two others. The identities of the fourth and fifth members varied from book to book, as these characters were frequently killed off. (Since the books were written by four different authors, they were not always consistent with each other, and one book reprised a character a year after he had been killed off in another book.) None of these characters ever appeared in the comics.